Ja'Tovia Gary

Citational Ethics (Toni Morrison, 1987), 2021

neon, metal, acrylic, 114.5 × 75 × 68"

Citational Ethics (Toni Morrison, 1987) is the second work in Ja’Tovia Gary’s Citational Ethics series. Each sculpture illuminates the words of a Black woman in neon, emboldening their voice and ideas. The work’s title serves as a citation for the quote, venerating its author and encouraging viewers to learn more about its source.

“Those white things have taken all I had or dreamed,” she said, “and broke my heartstrings too. There is no bad luck in the world but whitefolks.”[1]

This line is a quote from Beloved, 1987, by Toni Morrison (1931–2019). The novel is set in Ohio shortly after the end of the Civil War and tells the story of a family of former slaves through flashbacks of their joys and hardships. The line is spoken by Baby Suggs, a respected elder, preacher and healer, to her daughter-in-law, Sethe, as she reflects on her life and losses from her deathbed.

Toni Morrison was a prolific writer and teacher, revered for her poetic telling of stories of Black America and her particular attention to the experience of Black women and children. While Morrison’s luminous prose won her the highest accolades, her honest telling of painful histories and her devotion to Black stories has made her work the subject of heated debate that continues to the present day. Morrison remains a threat even in death, as her writing continues to erode the narrative of white America.

The form of the sculpture cites another Black American icon, Martin Luther King Jr., by recalling the sign outside the Lorraine Hotel in Memphis. A safe haven for Black travelers since 1945, the motel is the infamous location of the assassination of the activist and minister in 1968. Through the signature turquoise sign, Gary points to a precise place and time in American history, referencing King, his murder, and the long history of white supremacy embedded in deep-rooted nostalgia.